1. Which one of the structures or materials listed below is found in cartilage tissue?

water
osteocytes
small amount of extracellular matrix
blood vessels
nerves

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2. Hyaline cartilage is found in all of the following places EXCEPT:

the cartilage of the nose
articular cartilage
the costal cartilage
the epiglottis
the fetal skeleton

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3. Cartilage, composed of a ground substance that holds considerable amount of water and unstretchable collagen fibrils has the ability to resist forces applied in

twisting and bending
compression only
tension and compression
all directions
tension only

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4. When does cartilage stop growing?

Late teens
Birth
Childhood
Middle age
Cartilage does not stop growing

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5. The membrane containing bone depositing cells that cover the trabeculae and line the central canals of osteons is the

endosteum
Sharpey's fibers
ostoclasts
periosteum
epiphysis

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6. Which of the following is NOT found in compact bone?

circumferential lamellae
trabeculae
osteons
interstitial lamellae
central canals

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7. Osteons are located in

the periosteum
compact bone
the medullary cavity
the epiphysis of long bones
compact bone

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8. Spongy bone is

made up of "little beams" of bone called trabeculae
made up of concentric tubes of bone tissue called osteons
a randomly arranged network on bony struts
located primarily in the diaphysis of long bones
the location of yellow bone marrow

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9. Osteocytes are

cells that produce new bone tissue
cartilage cells
located within the perforating (Volkmann's) canals of compact bone
cells that maintain the surrounding bone matrix
cells that destroy bone tissue

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10. The flexibility of bones and their ability to resist tension results from the large amount of _____________ found in bones.

mineral salts
cells
collagen fibers
ground substance
cartilage

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11. Which of the bones listed below is formed by intramembraneous ossification?

pelvis
clavicle
sternum
ribs
vertebrae

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12. Bones formed by endochondral ossification

form within mesenchymal membranes
are first modeled in hyaline cartilage
begin formation in the last trimester of development
are first modeled in fibrocartilage
make up most of the bones of the skull

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13. In the third stage of endochondral ossification, the periosteal bud

forms the periosteum
brings bone-forming and bone-destroying cells deep into the center of the diaphysis
forms the bone collar around the diaphysis
signals the surrounding cartilage matrix to calcify
forms the secondary ossification centers in the epiphysis

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14. The epiphyseal plates

are the location of growth in length of a long bone
are closed at birth
are the location of growth in width of a long bone
are composed of elastic cartilage
are the secondary centers of ossification in a long bone

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15. Bone growth in width is referred to as

remodeling
endochondral growth
interstitial growth
appositional growth
intramembraneous growth

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16. At puberty, the male and female sex hormones

have no effect on the growth of bone
induce the epiphyseal plates to close
regulate the deposition of calcium into the bones
stimulate the formation of secondary centers of ossification
stimulate the destruction of bone tissue and the reabsorption of calcium from the bones

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17. Osteoblasts are

bone destroying cells
cells that secrete the organic matrix that makes up bone tissue
bone cells
are located within lacunae
giant cells with many nuclei

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18. Bone remodeling occurs

only in trabecular bone
only in compact bone
continuously
only after an injury to the bone
only in areas of extreme stress, such as areas of muscle attachment

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19. Treatments for osteoporosis include all of the following EXCEPT

treatment with drugs or hormones to suppress osteoclast activity
calcium supplements
treatment with parathyroid hormones to stimulate bone production
estrogen replacement or other drugs which simulate activity of estrogen in bone tissue
increased amount of weight bearing exercise

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20. The disease that causes soft, weakened bones caused by inadequate amounts of vitamin D is called

rickets
osteomylitis
osteosarcoma
Paget's disease
osteoporosis